Episode 44: America's Role in the Middle East – Challenges and Missteps with Steven A. Cook

Episode 44: America's Role in the Middle East – Challenges and Missteps with Steven A. Cook

In this insightful episode of Elevated Thoughts, Mike and I had the privilege of speaking with Steven A. Cook, senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and author of The End of Ambition: America's Past, Present, and Future in the Middle East. Steven brought decades of expertise to the table, helping us untangle the complex web of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and explore what went right, what went wrong, and what the future might hold.

The Roots of U.S. Involvement in the Middle East

Steven began with a history lesson, explaining how the United States became so deeply entrenched in the Middle East. He highlighted three primary drivers of U.S. policy: the free flow of energy resources, the security of Israel, and the prevention of dominance by any one power in the region. These priorities, he explained, defined American strategy throughout much of the 20th century.

However, as Steven pointed out, U.S. involvement became more ambitious and less focused after the Cold War. The triumphalism of the 1990s led to policies aimed at transforming the region, such as efforts to spread democracy. “We were good at preventing bad things from happening,” he said, “but we weren’t good at making good things happen.”

The Costs of Overreach and Polarization

One of the most thought-provoking parts of the conversation was Steven’s critique of America’s overreach in the Middle East. From the Iraq War to the Iran nuclear deal, he explained how shifting goals and political polarization have undermined U.S. credibility and effectiveness. “Every new administration feels the need to undo what the previous one did,” Steven said. “It creates a chaotic and unpredictable foreign policy.”

Steven also touched on the shifting dynamics within U.S. domestic politics, particularly the growing divide over support for Israel. He described how younger generations, influenced by identity politics and a demand for moral absolutes, are increasingly critical of U.S.-Israel relations. This trend, he argued, has profound implications for America’s role in the region.

A Path Forward: Realism and Restraint

Looking ahead, Steven advocated for a more focused and realistic approach to the Middle East. He argued against both withdrawal and attempts to remake the region, instead calling for policies that prioritize core U.S. interests. “We need to discern what’s truly important to us,” he said, “and allocate our resources accordingly.”

He also emphasized the importance of engaging with allies and adversaries alike to maintain stability. From counterterrorism to energy security, Steven outlined the challenges of navigating a multipolar world where China, Russia, and regional powers are all vying for influence.

Final Thoughts

This episode was a masterclass in understanding the complexities of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Steven’s ability to break down decades of history and strategy into clear, actionable insights made for a conversation that was as enlightening as it was engaging.

If you’re curious to learn more, check out Steven’s book The End of Ambition: America's Past, Present, and Future in the Middle East. And as always, stay tuned to Elevated Thoughts for more episodes that challenge conventional wisdom and spark meaningful dialogue.

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